Windowed functions can only appear in the SELECT or ORDER BY clauses.

Error Message:
Msg 4108, Level 15, State 1, Line 1
Windowed functions can only appear in the SELECT or ORDER BY clauses.

Severity level:
15.

Description:
This error message appears when you try to use a windowed function outside a SELECT or ORDER BY clause.

Consequences:
The T-SQL statement can be parsed, but causes the error at runtime.

Resolution:
Errors of the Severity Level 15 are generated by the user and can be fixed by the SQL Server user. The statement cannot be executed this way. You can use these function only in the SELECT or ORDER BY clause.

Versions:
This error message was introduced with SQL Server 2005.

Example(s):
USE tempdb;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(‘tempdb..#t’) > 0
 DROP TABLE #t
GO
CREATE TABLE #t
(
 id INT
)
INSERT INTO #t SELECT 1
GO
DELETE #t
  FROM #t
 WHERE ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ID) = 1
 GO

Remarks:
In the above example we try to use the windowed function ROW_NUMBER in a DELETE statement. This raises the error.

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